There is growing recognition of the problem of male bias in neuroscience research,
including in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) where fewer women than men are …

It is increasingly acknowledged that a sex and gender specificity affects the occurrence,
development, and consequence of a plethora of pathologies. Mitochondria are considered …

The brain is one of the most exquisite organs in the body with high metabolic demands, and
requires a tight regulation of the surrounding environment. This tight control is exerted by the …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects one in three adults and remains the leading cause of
death in America. Advancing age is a major risk factor for CVD. Recent plateaus in CVD …

Sex is an important determinant of brain microvessels (MVs) function and susceptibility to
cerebrovascular and neurological diseases, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using …

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and it affects
more women than men. Mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) plays a key role in AD, and it is …

Sex differences in mitochondrial numbers and function are present in large cerebral arteries,
but it is unclear whether these differences extend to the microcirculation. We performed an …

Women, especially following menopause, are known to have worse outcomes following
acute ischemic stroke. One primary postulated biological mechanism for worse outcomes in …

Kidneys are highly vascular organs that despite their relatively small size receive 20% of the
cardiac output. The highly intricate, delicately organized structure of renal microcirculation is …

Sex differences in brain physiology and by inference various pathologies are generally
recognized, however frequently ignored in epidemiological and experimental studies …