The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast maturation. The unique and dynamic
multinucleation process not only increases cell size but causes functional alterations …

To further understand the molecular distinctions between kidney cancer subtypes, we
analyzed exome, transcriptome and copy number alteration data from 167 primary human …

Many regions in the human genome vary in length among individuals due to variable
numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs). To assess the phenotypic impact of VNTRs genome …

Gastrointestinal enterochromaffin cells regulate bone and gut homeostasis via serotonin (5-
hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) production. A recent report suggested that gut microbes regulate …

Macrophages are found in all tissues and regulate tissue morphogenesis during
development through trophic and scavenger functions. The colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF …

Tissue injury and the healing response lead to the release of endogenous danger signals
including Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) ligands, which …

Osteoimmunology research is a new emerging research field that investigates the links
between the bone and immune responses. Results from osteoimmunology studies suggest …

Candida albicans can enter skeletal tissue through a skin wound in an
immunocompromised host or by contamination during orthopedic surgery. Such Candida …

The immune and bone systems share a number of regulatory molecules, including
cytokines, chemokines, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone is a component of the …