The establishment of ordered neuronal connections is supposed to take place under the
control of specific cell adhesion molecules (CAM) which guide neuroblasts and axons to …

Studies of the stomatogastric nervous systems of lobsters and crabs have led to numerous
insights into the cellular and circuit mechanisms that generate rhythmic motor patterns. The …

COLOUR vision in humans and Old World monkeys begins with the differential activation of
three types of cone photoreceptor which are maximally sensitive to short (S), medium (M) …

The cerebral cortex, occupying over 70 percent of our brain mass, is key to any
understanding of the workings--and disorders--of the human brain. offering a …

A complex cascade of neuronal, hormonal, muscular, and metabolic events leads to the
initiation and maintenance of a behavioral act. Hormones are released to mobilize metabolic …

The nervous system is evolutionarily conservative compared to the peripheral appendages
that it controls. However, species-specific behaviors may have arisen from very small …

The brain is a dynamic system that is non-linear at multiple levels of analysis.
Characterization of its non-linear dynamics is fundamental to our understanding of brain …

Serotonergic neurons are present in all phyla that possess nervous systems. In most of
these phyla, serotonin modulates important behaviours, including feeding, sexual and …

All NERVOUS SYSTEMS, though highly intercon-nected, can be subdivided into functional
circuits that are frequently anatomically distinct from one another. A circuit is defined here as …

MOTOR circuits are often thought to be physically separate from their neuromodulatory
systems1, 2. We report here a counter example, where neurons within a circuit appear to …