Glucose homeostasis is regulated primarily by the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon,
hormones that are secreted by pancreatic islets from β-cells and α-cells, respectively. Insulin …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are multispanning membrane proteins that utilize
ATP to move a broad range of substrates across cellular membranes. ABC transporters are …

Hypothalamic detection of elevated circulating glucose triggers suppression of endogenous
glucose production (EGP) to maintain glucose homeostasis. Antipsychotics alleviate …

Adipose tissue secretes a variety of bioactive signaling molecules, termed adipokines, which
regulate numerous biological functions including appetite, energy balance, glucose …

Insulin activates PI3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT to regulate glucose homeostasis in the peripheral
tissues and the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of rodents. We report that insulin infusion …

Sulfonylurea (SUR) agents are the second and most used oral hypoglycemic drugs after
metformin and they still as an imperative tool for most favorable of glucose control. SURs are …

Background Cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is recognized as an
important signaling component in diverse cell types. PKG may influence the function of …

Key points Both the ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channel and the gaseous messenger
nitric oxide (NO) play fundamental roles in protecting the heart from injuries related to …

Ion transport processes are highly energy consuming. It is therefore critical to couple ion
transport processes to the metabolic state of the cell. An important player in this coupling …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review documents a metabolic role of
insulin action in brain. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights the role of …