Human migration is a major process that shaped the origin and dissemination of HIV. Within
HIV-1, subtype B (HIV-1B) is the most disseminated variant and it is assumed to be the …

Viral and host factors are known to play a role in the different patterns of AIDS progression.
The cocirculation of HIV-1 subtypes B, F1, BBR, and BF1; the occasional detection of HIV-1 …

Introduction Primary HIV infection is usually caused by R5 viruses, and there is an
association between the emergence of CCXR4-utilizing strains and faster disease …

Background The HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in Brazil is peculiar because of the high
frequency of isolates having the GWGR tetramer at V3 loop region. It has been suggested …

Besides being extremely useful in measuring the level of HIV-1 diversity and prevalence in
populations, the molecular analysis of genomic sequences provides crucial surveillance …

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a powerful opportunity to identify low-abundance,
intra-host viral sequence variants, yet the focus of many bioinformatic tools on consensus …

HIV-1 molecular epidemiology studies carried out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil have identified
the prevalence of subtypes B, F1 and BF1 recombinants. A high percentage of HIV-1 …

Abstract The human APOBEC3G (A3G) protein activity obstructs retrovirus infection by
inducing mutations of guanosines to adenosines (G→ A) in the viral DNA. These G→ A …

Entry inhibitor is a new class of drugs that target the viral envelope protein. This region is
variable; hence resistance to these drugs may be present before treatment. The aim of this …

The presence of genetic mutations in HIV poses a significant challenge, potentially leading
to antiretroviral resistance and hampering therapeutic development. The Brazilian …