The application of biocompatible nanocarriers in medicine has provided several benefits
over conventional treatment methods. However, achieving high treatment efficacy and deep …

The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism is the major cause underlying the
efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT procedure is based on the cascade of …

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient,
and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light …

Rapid advances in synthetic biology are driving the development of genetically engineered
microbes as therapeutic agents for a multitude of human diseases, including cancer. The …

A wide variety of smart polymer systems such as thermosensitive polymers (TSPs) have
been developed and applied mimicking nature. TSPs are a class of macromolecules that …

Despite noteworthy developments in tumor therapy, cancer is still one of the main reasons
for death worldwide. While present cures supply hopeful marks, they trigger harsh …

Treatment of certain central nervous system disorders, including different types of cerebral
malignancies, is limited by traditional oral or systemic administrations of therapeutic drugs …

The low bioavailability and side effects of conventional drugs for eye disease necessitate the
development of efficient drug delivery systems. Accompanying the developments of …

Conventional cancer chemotherapies often exhibit insufficient therapeutic outcomes and
dose-limiting toxicity. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapeutics and formulations with …

Stimuli-responsive nano-assemblies are emerging as promising drug delivery systems
(DDSs) with spatial and temporal tenability, which can undergo structural transition for …