Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) are among the most studied problems in operations
research. Nowadays, the leading exact algorithms for solving many classes of VRPs are …

In the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery (VRPSPD), goods
have to be transported from different origins to different destinations, and each customer has …

This paper studies the green vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery
(G-VRPSPD). It aims to minimize fuel consumption costs while satisfying customer pickup …

This paper addresses a variant of the vehicle routing problem in which customers require
simultaneous pickup and delivery of goods during specific individual time windows …

In this paper, we consider the vehicle routing problem with load-dependent drones
(VRPLD), in which the energy consumption of drones is load-dependent and represented by …

The vehicle routing problem is one of the most important areas of logistics management.
This study considers two-echelon vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and …

Along with the progress in computer hardware architecture and computational power, in
order to overcome technological bottlenecks, software applications that make use of expert …

6.1▪ Introduction Pickup-and-Delivery Problems (PDPs) constitute an important family of
routing problems in which goods or passengers have to be transported from different origins …

Carbon emission control policies have emerged in response to the growing global concerns
of environmental problems. These regulations should be considered when operational …

Abstract The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup-Delivery and Time
Windows (VRPSPDTW) has attracted much research interest in the last decade, due to its …