Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. Climate
directly impacts health through climatic extremes, air quality, sea‐level rise, and multifaceted …

The global climate has been changing over the last century due to greenhouse gas
emissions and will continue to change over this century, accelerating without effective global …

Ticks exist on all continents and carry more zoonotic pathogens than any other type of
vector. Ticks spend most of their lives in the external environment away from the host and …

The evidence that climate warming is changing the distribution of Ixodes ticks and the
pathogens they transmit is reviewed and evaluated. The primary approaches are either …

Seasonal variations in temperature, rainfall and resource availability are ubiquitous and can
exert strong pressures on population dynamics. Infectious diseases provide some of the best …

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) is a bacterial species complex that includes the
etiological agents of the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the Northern …

Zoonotic diseases are major causes of infection related morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Of the various arthropods capable of transmitting pathogens that cause such diseases to …

Lyme disease has increased both in incidence and geographic extent in the United States
and Canada over the past two decades. One of the underlying causes is changes during the …

Background: Detection and attribution of health impacts caused by climate change uses
formal methods to determine a) whether the occurrence of adverse health outcomes has …

Background Because of complex interactions of climate variables at the levels of the
pathogen, vector, and host, the potential influence of climate change on vector-borne and …