Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health …

Much has been learned about the structure, function, and production of IgM, since the
antibody's initial characterization. It is widely accepted that IgM provides a first line of …

Host-adapted Salmonella strains are responsible for a number of disease manifestations in
mammals, including an asymptomatic chronic infection in which bacteria survive within …

Recognition of intracellular bacteria by macrophages leads to secretion of type I IFNs.
However, the role of type I IFN during bacterial infection is still poorly understood …

We have isolated and characterized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Francisella.
Transport of effector molecules through secretion systems is a major mechanism by which …

Despite effective antimicrobial chemotherapy, control of Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital
infection will likely require a vaccine. We have assessed the protective effect of an outer …

Antibiotic treatment of tularaemia is based on a few drugs, including the fluoroquinolones
(eg, ciprofloxacin), the tetracyclines (eg, doxycycline), and the aminoglycosides …

Over the last decade, studies on the virulence of the highly pathogenic intracellular bacterial
pathogen Francisella tularensis have increased dramatically. The organism produces an …

Francisella tularensis is an intracellular bacterium that causes the disease tularemia. There
are several subspecies of F. tularensis whose ability to cause disease varies in humans. The …

Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a gram-negative intercellular pathogen and category A biothreat
agent. However, despite 15 years of strong government investment and intense research …