This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Based on electrophysiological, neurochemical, genetic and neuropharmacological
approaches, it is currently accepted that serotonin (5-HT) functions predominantly to …

The principal neurons of the arousal and sleep circuits are comprised by glutamate and
GABA neurons, which are distributed within the reticular core of the brain and, through local …

Good sleep is necessary for physical and mental health. For example, sleep loss impairs
immune function, and sleep is altered during infection. Immune signalling molecules are …

During various states of vigilance, brain oscillations are grouped together through reciprocal
connections between the neocortex and thalamus. The coherent activity in corticothalamic …

Introduction 3. Brainstem arousal systems 3.1. The reticular formation 3.2. The cholinergic
ponto-mesencephalic neurons 3.3. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons 3.4. The …

Generalized non-convulsive absence seizures are characterized by the occurrence of
synchronous and bilateral spike and wave discharges (SWDs) on the electroencephalogram …

For 50 years, serotonin has been in the centre of the search for the mechanisms and control
of sleep. Serotonergic neurotransmission is related to the behavioural state of the animal …

Serotoninergic neurons in the central nervous system impinge on many other neurons and
modulate their neurotransmitter release. This review focuses on 1) the function of …

Several areas in the brainstem and forebrain are important for the modulation and
expression of the sleep/wake cycle. Even if the first observations of biochemical events in …