This review focuses on key components of respiratory and photosynthetic energy-
transduction systems: the cytochrome bc 1 and b 6 f (Cyt bc 1/b 6 f) membranous …

Photosynthetic electron transport is coupled to proton translocation across the thylakoid
membrane, resulting in the formation of a trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathways from chloroplasts and
mitochondria merge at the nuclear protein RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) …

In plants, inactivation of either of the thylakoid proteins PGR5 and PGRL1 impairs cyclic
electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. Because PGR5 is unstable in the absence of the …

Leaf senescence is an integral part of plant development and is driven by endogenous cues
such as leaf or plant age. Developmental senescence aims to maximize the usage of …

Matching ATP: NADPH provision and consumption in the chloroplast is a prerequisite for
efficient photosynthesis. In terms of ATP: NADPH ratio, the amount of ATP generated from …

Retrograde signalling refers to the regulation of nuclear gene expression in response to
functional changes in organelles. In plants, the two energy-converting organelles …

The higher plant chloroplast thylakoid membrane system performs the light-dependent
reactions of photosynthesis. These provide the ATP and NADPH required for the fixation of …

Boreal forests are dominated by evergreen conifers that show strongly regulated seasonal
photosynthetic activity. Understanding the mechanisms behind seasonal modulation of …

The cyclic electron transport (CET), after the linear electron transport (LET), is another
important electron transport pathway during the light reactions of photosynthesis. The proton …