The scientific evidence is reviewed for the involvement of the brain monoamines serotonin,
dopamine and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) in the onset of fatigue, in both normal and …

Synthetic cathinones are analogs of cathinone or β-ketoamphetamine–the major
psychostimulant component of the shrub Catha edulis or khat. Cathinone analogs–though …

Recreational use of the cathinone derivative 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV;“bath
salts”) has increased worldwide in past years, accompanied by accounts of health and legal …

Rationale Numerous substituted cathinone drugs have appeared in recreational use. This
variety is often a response to legal actions; the scheduling of 3, 4 …

The drug 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC; aka, mephedrone, MMCAT,“plant food”,“bath
salts”) is a recent addition to the list of popular recreational psychomotor-stimulant …

BACKGROUND: There are no approved pharmacotherapies for d-methamphetamine
(METH) addiction and existing therapies have limited efficacy. Advances in using …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 19 F-based tracers has emerged as a promising
multi-purpose noninvasive diagnostic tool and its application requires the use of various 19 …

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is activated by methamphetamine (MA) and
modulates dopaminergic (DA) function. Although DA dysregulation is the hallmark of MA …

Methiopropamine is a structural analog of methamphetamine that is categorized as a novel
psychoactive substance. It primarily acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor …

Key points Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is escalating worldwide, with the most
common cause of death resulting from cardiovascular failure and hyperthermia; however …