Abstract The 2019/20 Black Summer bushfire disaster in southeast Australia was
unprecedented: the extensive area of forest burnt, the radiative power of the fires, and the …

Abstract Initialized Earth System predictions are made by starting a numerical prediction
model in a state as consistent as possible to observations and running it forward in time for …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Abstract The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) strongly affects the climate of the Indo-Pacific.
Observations suggest a shift towards stronger and earlier positive IOD (pIOD) events …

A strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) induces weather extremes such as the 2019
Australian bushfires and African floods. The impact is influenced by sea surface temperature …

Southern Australia's rainfall is highly variable and influenced by factors across scales from
synoptic weather to large‐scale circulation and remote climate modes of variability …

Abstract Between June 2019 and March 2020, thousands of wildfires spread devastation
across Australia at the tragic cost of many lives, vast areas of burnt forest, and estimated …

Atmospheric methane's rapid growth from late 2006 is unprecedented in the observational
record. Assessment of atmospheric methane data attributes a large fraction of this …

Over the past decade, our understanding of the Indian Ocean has advanced through
concerted efforts toward measuring the ocean circulation and air–sea exchanges, detecting …

The Australian monsoon delivers seasonal rain across a vast area of the continent stretching
from the far northern tropics to the semi‐arid regions. This article provides a review of …