A variational data assimilation and parameter estimation method for a reduced gravity model
is developed. The method is applied to the equatorial Pacific Ocean. In the variational …

Along the Philippine coast in the western Pacific, the North Equatorial Current (NEC)
bifurcates into the northward flowing Kuroshio and the southward flowing Mindanao Current …

In the late 1970s, the ENSO cycle exhibited frequency change. The oscillation period
increased from 2–4 yr (high frequency) during 1962–75 to 4–6 yr (low frequency) during …

Autocorrelation functions of sea surface temperature (SST) and depth of the 20° C isotherm
(D 20) are estimated at 95 locations along the tropical Pacific expendable bathythermograph …

The equatorial Pacific is the largest oceanic source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and
has been proposed to be a major site of organic carbon export to the deep sea. Study of the …

Equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves associated with the 1991–93 El Niño warm event were
detected in temperature observations made by the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) buoy …

This study explains why a number of El Nino properties (period, amplitude, structure, and
propagation) have changed in a coherent manner since the late 1970s and why these …

The annual cycle of temperature in the subthermocline equatorial Pacific is studied using a
new compilation of historical hydrographic profiles. The observations have several …

A reduced gravity model that incorporates the geometry of western North America has been
used to study the dynamics of the California Current system. Three experiments were …

We have analyzed 50 ten‐day cycles of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimeter data to evaluate
the ocean dynamic topography and its temporal variations. We have employed data from …