The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content,
high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Vitamin A (VA) is critical for many biological processes, including embryonic development,
hormone production and function, the maintenance and modulation of immunity, and the …

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise a large spectrum
of congenital malformations ranging from severe manifestations, such as renal agenesis, to …

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required throughout life. Through its various metabolites,
vitamin A sustains fetal development, immunity, vision, and the maintenance, regulation, and …

Retinoids (vitamin A) have been reported extensively for anti-cancer properties due to their
high receptor-binding affinities and gene regulation abilities. However, the anti-cancer …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a key molecular player in embryogenesis and adult tissue
homeostasis. In embryo development, RA plays a crucial role in the formation of different …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is perceived with various pathophysiological characteristics such
oxidative stress, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission …

Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) is essential for normal metabolic function, and even moderate
deficiency of this vitamin has negative health effects. Vitamin B 12 is found in animal foods …

The concentration of all-trans-retinoic acid, the bioactive derivative of vitamin A, is critically
important for the optimal performance of numerous physiological processes. Either too little …

Background Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a lethal malignancy of exocrine glands,
characterized by the coexistence within tumor tissues of 2 distinct populations of cancer …