Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy
(ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was …

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality and the underlying
mechanisms of cancer metastasis remain elusive. Both blood and lymphatic vasculatures …

Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is one of six known
mechanisms employed by solid tumors to recruit blood vessels necessary for their initiation …

Angiogenesis is a double-edged sword; it is a mechanism that defines the boundary
between health and disease. In spite of its central role in physiological homeostasis, it …

Background Angiogenesis is a key and early step in tumorigenesis, and is known as a
hallmark of solid tumors and a key promoter of tumor recurrence. Unlike normal tissue …

In addition to the crucial role in promoting the growth of tumor vessels, vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) is also immunosuppressive. VEGF can inhibit the function of T cells …

Immune escape is a prerequisite for tumor development. To avoid the immune system,
tumors develop different mechanisms, including T cell exhaustion, which is characterized by …

Background The discovery of nutritious dietary supplements and side effect-free
therapeutics are a priority in the current scenario of increasing cancer cases. Natural …

Vascular endothelial growth factor A is known to play a central role in tumor angiogenesis.
Several studies showed that VEGF-A is also an immunosuppressive factor. In tumor-bearing …

Cancer arises in the context of an in vivo tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is
both a cause and consequence of tumorigenesis. Tumor and host cells co-evolve …