Background: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment uses low energy, short pulsations to
modulate tissue characteristics. PRF treatment has been effective as an interventional pain …

Despite the vast improvements of cell therapy in spinal cord injury treatment, no optimum
protocol has been developed for application of neural stem/progenitor cells. In this regard …

Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds, are widely distributed in plant-based foods
and have been recognized for their potential to promote overall health and well-being …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes maladaptive changes to nociceptive synaptic circuits within
the injured spinal cord. Changes also occur at remote regions including the brain stem …

Background: Neuropathy is a prevalent and debilitating complication of poorly managed
diabetes, contributing towards poor quality of life, amputation risk, and increased mortality …

Introduction: Although previous articles and reviews suggest that ketamine might effectively
manage pain in trauma patients, these articles have serious limitations. Accordingly, the …

After spinal cord injury (SCI) there are many recoveries inhibiting factors such as chondroitin
sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and inflammation. The present study investigated the …

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a bulbospinal nuclei in the descending pain
modulation system, and directly affects spinal nociceptive transmission through …

Glycine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate synaptic inhibition throughout
the mammalian spinal cord, brainstem, and higher brain regions. They have recently …

Method: We performed a literature search using Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus,
and Web of Science databases until August 17, 2022. After two independent researchers …