The world is struggling to limit greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the human footprint
on nature. We therefore urgently need to think about how to achieve more with actions to …

The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most
intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being promoted as an ocean-based climate
solution. However, such claims remain controversial because of the diffuse and poorly …

Sharks and rays are key functional components of coral reef ecosystems, yet many
populations of a few species exhibit signs of depletion and local extinctions. The question is …

The biodiversity of marine and coastal habitats is experiencing unprecedented change.
While there are well-known drivers of these changes, such as overexploitation, climate …

Area-based conservation, particularly of protected areas, is the primary approach used
globally to address biodiversity decline and currently covers 8% of the world's oceans and …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have gained attention as a conservation tool for enhancing
ecosystem resilience to climate change. However, empirical evidence explicitly linking …

Abstract Setting appropriate conservation strategies in a multi-threat world is a challenging
goal, especially because of natural complexity and budget limitations that prevent effective …

Abstract In 2017, more than 15,000 scientists from 184 countries signed a second warning
letter to humanity to caution against our continued wholesale destruction of global …

Marine species are moving rapidly in response to warming, often in different directions and
with variations dependent on location and depth. Given the current impetus to increase the …