Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder that, whilst initially driven by
activation of brain reward neurocircuits, increasingly engages anti-reward neurocircuits that …

Background Harm reduction and treatment programmes are essential for reducing harms for
people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to update estimates from a 2017 review of global …

Importance Mortality among people with opioid dependence is higher than that of the
general population. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is an effective treatment for opioid …

We summarise the evidence for medicinal uses of opioids, harms related to the extramedical
use of, and dependence on, these drugs, and a wide range of interventions used to address …

Opioid-related overdose deaths have increased since 2010 in the US, but information on
trends in opioid use disorder (OUD) prevalence is limited due to unreliable data. Multiplier …

Background Opioid use disorder (OUD) and mental disorders are major public health issues
and comorbidity is common. Among people with OUD, comorbid mental disorders are …

Background Deaths by suicide remain a major public health challenge worldwide.
Identifying and targeting risk factors for suicide mortality is a potential approach to …

Background Drug-related death (DRD) rate in Scotland, UK, has increased rapidly to one of
the highest in the world. Our aim was to examine the extent to which opioid-agonist therapy …

Background In many countries, the average age of people who use illicit opioids, such as
heroin, is increasing. This has been suggested to be a reason for increasing numbers of …

Importance Opioid dosage tapering has emerged as a strategy to reduce harms associated
with long-term opioid therapy; however, evidence supporting this approach is limited …