Maintenance of protein homeostasis, also referred to as “Proteostasis”, integrates multiple
pathways that regulate protein synthesis, folding, translocation, and degradation. Failure in …

Emerging evidence indicates that the autofluorescent pigments that accumulate as
lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells may reach levels that contribute to a …

Commercially available white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have an intense emission in the
range of blue light, which has raised a range of public concerns about their potential risks as …

Aims With ageing extracellular material is deposited in Bruch's membrane, as drusen.
Lipofuscin is deposited in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Both of these changes are …

The lipid phase of the photoreceptor outer segment membrane is essential to the photon
capturing and signaling functions of rhodopsin. Rearrangement of phospholipids in the …

The presence of the regenerable visual pigment rhodopsin has been shown to be primarily
responsible for the acute photo‐damage to the retina. The photoexcitation of rhodopsin …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of highly pigmented cells lining the
inner aspect of Bruch's membrane. This pigmentation is due to eumelanin and a possible …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the western
world. The retina is highly susceptible to photochemical damage from continuous exposure …

Lipofuscin accumulates with age as intracellular fluorescent granules originating from
incomplete lysosomal digestion of phagocytosed and autophagocytosed material. The …

Age-related macular degeneration, Stargardt disease, and their Abca4-/-mouse model are
characterized by accelerated accumulation of the pigment lipofuscin, derived from …