Neutrophils are frontline cells of the innate immune system. These effector leukocytes are
equipped with intriguing antimicrobial machinery and consequently display high cytotoxic …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) refers to a pathological condition caused by a direct or
indirect insult to the optic nerves, which often leads to a partial or permanent vision deficit …

Transected axons typically fail to regenerate in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting
in chronic neurological disability in individuals with traumatic brain or spinal cord injury …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a complex pathophysiology. Following the initial physical
trauma to the spinal cord, which may cause vascular disruption, hemorrhage, mechanical …

The complement cascade is an important arm of the immune system that plays a key role in
protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from infection. Recently, it has also become …

Traumatic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) affect millions of people worldwide,
and they can lead to severely damaging consequences such as permanent disability and …

Misguided attack of immune systems on self-tissue or multifactorial uncontrolled
inflammation is capable of causing inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils play a critical role in …

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), immune cell infiltration creates an inflammatory and
oxidative microenvironment (known as the secondary injury), which causes neuron death …

The complement system is a critical part of our innate immune response, and the terminal
products of this cascade, anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, exert their physiological and …

The complement system is a collection of soluble and membrane-bound proteins that
together act as a powerful amplifier of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although its …