Human-infecting pathogens that transmit through the air pose a significant threat to public
health. As a prominent instance, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

The goal of good toilet hygiene is minimizing the potential for pathogen transmission.
Control of odours is also socially important and believed to be a societal measure of …

Background The risk of infectious disease transmission in public washrooms causes
concern particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review aims …

When small bubbles rupture in a contaminated water source, the resulting liquid jet breaks
up into droplets that can aerosolize solid particulates such as bacteria, viruses, and …

Aerosols can transmit infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-2, influenza and norovirus.
Flushed toilets emit aerosols that spread pathogens contained in feces, but little is known …

Indoor bathroom is an essential place in daily human life, and the toilet in it releases
bioaerosols with varying emission characteristics, having a noticeable influence on human …

Toilet flushing generates and spread fecal aerosols, potentially leading to infection
transmission risk. Squat toilets are widely used in public restrooms in some Asian countries …

Converging evidence reports that the probability of vertical transmission patterns via shared
drainage systems, may be responsible for the huge contactless community outbreak in high …

The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 causes significant respirational health problems,
including high mortality rates worldwide. The deadly corona virus-containing aerosol enters …

The surprising spread speed of the COVID-19 pandemic creates an urgent need for
investigating the transmission chain or transmission pattern of COVID-19 beyond the …