The importance of programmed cell death (PCD) during vertebrate development has been
well established. During the development of the nervous system in particular, neurotrophic …

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a highly conserved cellular process that has been
intensively investigated in nematodes, flies, and mammals. The genetic conservation, the …

During animal development, cells have to respond appropriately to localized secreted
signals. Proper responses to Hedgehog, transforming growth factor-β, epidermal growth …

There is a growing interest in the mechanisms that control the apoptosis cascade during
development and adult life. To investigate the regulatory events that trigger apoptosis in …

Studies of apoptosis in C. elegans have allowed the identification of three genes, ced-3, ced-
4 and ced-9. Their products constitute the components of an induction pathway of apoptosis …

Early development in many tissues is characterized by a rapid expansion in cell number.
Excess cells are removed through activation of their intrinsic apoptotic machinery. This over …

In arthropods, the animal body is isolated from the external environment by a protective
exoskeleton called the cuticle. The cuticle of young larvae has certainly been the most …

Selective cell death provides developing tissues with the means to precisely sculpt
emerging structures. By imposing patterned cell death across a tissue, boundaries can be …

Background Metamorphosis in marine species is characterized by profound changes at the
ecophysiological, morphological, and cellular levels. The cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica …

The secreted proteins Wingless and Hedgehog are essential to the elaboration of the
denticle pattern in the epidermis of Drosophila embryos. We show that signaling by …