Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are renowned for their large, reversible, and anisotropic
shape change in response to various external stimuli due to their lightly cross‐linked …

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are polymer networks exhibiting anisotropic liquid
crystallinity while maintaining elastomeric properties. Owing to diverse polymeric forms and …

Abstract 4D printing of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) via direct ink writing has opened up
great opportunities to create stimuli‐responsive actuations for applications such as soft …

Degradable biomedical elastomers (DBE), characterized by controlled biodegradability,
excellent biocompatibility, tailored elasticity, and favorable network design and …

Owing to their high deformation ability, 4D printed structures have various applications in
origami structures, soft robotics and deployable mechanisms. As a material with …

The utilization of lignin, the most abundant aromatic biomass component, is at the forefront
of sustainable engineering, energy, and environment research, where its abundance and …

Abstract 4D printing was initially defined as multi-material 3D printing that can produce pre-
programmed shape changes under external stimuli over time. Thus extensive research …

As a typical representative of dopants, organic functional dyes have demonstrated their
significant roles in novel smart liquid crystal (LC) devices, and dye‐doped LCs have also …

Multifunctional composites have been continuously developed for a myriad of applications
with remarkable adaptability to external stimuli and dynamic responsiveness. This study …

Soft robots are composed of compliant materials that facilitate high degrees of freedom,
shape‐change adaptability, and safer interaction with humans. An attractive choice of …