Objective The impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on cardiovascular (CV)
health is still not entirely established. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the …

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International
Olympic Committee's expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and …

Both dietary and exercise behaviors need to be considered when examining underlying
causes of low energy availability (LEA). The study assessed if exercise dependence is …

The cardiovascular benefits of physical exercise are well established. The vasoreactivity that
occurs during reductions in local arterial blood flow, termed low-flow-mediated constriction …

Professional athletes are often exposed to high training loads that may lead to overfatigue,
overreaching and overtraining that might have a detrimental effects on vascular health. We …

Background Exercise‐associated secondary amenorrhea results in estrogen deficiency,
which may lead to dysfunction in estrogen's normal cardioprotective pathways. Estrogen …

Introduction: Endogenous estrogen has a protective cardiovascular effect. Estrogen loss,
such as during menopause and amenorrhea, results in stiffer vessels and endothelial …

Background Hypoestrogenemia due to menopause is associated with increased
cardiovascular disease risk, in part due to elevated indexes of aortic wave reflection (AWRI) …

This narrative review highlights the impact of exercise on vascular health in females over the
lifespan with an emphasis on puberty, pregnancy and menopause. These events …

In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of high endurance training on vascular health
parameters and immune-endocrine responses against modified low-density lipoprotein …