Methods for retracting the anterior teeth are divided into frictional methods and non-frictional
methods. However, evidence regarding the superiority of one technique over the other is still …

Continuous progress in dentistry and orthodontics is crucial to ensuring high-quality
diagnosis and treatment of patients, especially since malocclusions occur in up to half of the …

Objectives To compare the amount of en-masse retraction with or without piezocision
corticotomy, to assess the type of tooth movement, to evaluate root integrity after retraction …

Objectives: The purpose of this two-arm parallel trial was to compare en masse (ER) and two-
step retraction (TSR) during space closure. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult patients …

En-bloc retraction is a common procedure in orthodontic therapy. The application of palatal
root torque moments is required to control incisor inclination during retraction, yet studies …

Objectives: To evaluate the cephalometric features of subjects with incompetent lips, and to
find the most discriminant variables for lip incompetence among the following: dental …

Objectives: To compare the time to close extraction spaces between en masse (ER) and two-
step retraction (TSR). Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients with bimaxillary protrusion …

Objective: To compare the force system produced by nickel-titanium T-loop springs made
with wires of different dimensions. Material and Methods: Thirty compound T-loop springs …

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) on the rate of
piezocision-aided canine retraction (CR). Materials and Methods The split-mouth study …

There are various techniques and designs for springs used in orthodontic treatment,
including frictionless methods for closing spaces. However, there is limited explicit evidence …