As part of the neurovascular unit, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique, dynamic
regulatory boundary that limits and regulates the exchange of molecules, ions, and cells …

Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease,
are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules that are naturally
produced within biological systems. Research has focused extensively on revealing the …

Oxidative stress has long been implicated in cardiovascular disease, but more recently, the
role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal physiological signaling has been …

Excessive reactive oxygen species Revised abstract, especially superoxide anion (O2•−),
play important roles in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a tightly regulated interface in the Central Nervous System
(CNS) that regulates the exchange of molecules in and out from the brain thus maintaining …

The discovery that mammalian cells have the ability to synthesize the free radical nitric oxide
(NO) has stimulated an extraordinary impetus for scientific research in all the fields of …

Brain injury following transient or permanent focal cerebral ischaemia (stroke) develops from
a complex series of pathophysiological events that evolve in time and space. In this article …

This review is directed at understanding how neuronal death occurs in two distinct insults,
global ischemia and focal ischemia. These are the two principal rodent models for human …

Significant amounts of oxygen free radicals (oxidants) are generated during cerebral
ischemia/reperfusion, and oxidative stress plays an important role in brain damage after …