This article has tried to provide an overview of the most sophisticated microfluidic biosensors
for identifying nucleic acids and proteins at the site of treatment. Microfluidics, which also …

Recently, great progress has been achieved for analytical technologies for biological
substances. Traditionally, detection methods for analytes mainly rely on large instrumental …

In this work, the electrochemical investigation of testosterone, a steroid hormone from the
androgen group, was carried out in aqueous and aqueous/surfactant solutions using a …

A novel water-compatible macroporous molecularly imprinted film (MIF) has been
developed for rapid, sensitive, and label-free detection of small molecule testosterone in …

Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) and other image and performance enhancing drugs
(IPEDs) are controlled by governments and sport institutions such as the World Anti‐doping …

A novel method for automated and sensitive analysis of testosterone, androstenedione,
methyltestosterone and methenolone in urine samples by online turbulent flow solid-phase …

We demonstrate a microfluidic-based indirect competitive chemiluminescence enzyme
immunoassay (MIC) for multiple, sensitive, reliable and rapid detection of testosterone in …

Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become a
mainstay analytical technique in pharmaceutical research and development and clinical …

A novel method for determining the testosterone/epitestosterone concentration ratio in
human urine was established by capillary electrophoresis with diode-array detector. The …

Testosterone is the principal endogenous androgenic–anabolic steroid in humans. The
levels of testosterone in the human body are correlated with many hormonal disorders …