The innate immune system deploys a variety of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) which
include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and C-type lectin …

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by M ycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), and it remains one of
the major bacterial infections worldwide. Innate immunity is an important arm of …

By mapping the clinical pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
against insights from virology, immunology, genomics, epidemiology and pharmacology, it is …

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious disease in newborn piglets. In our
previous study, a genetically engineered Lactobacillus casei oral vaccine (pPG-COE …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a large group of proteins which recognize various pathogen-
associated molecular patterns, are critical for the normal function of the innate immune …

Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in activation of innate and
adaptive immune responses. Aim We aimed to detect the association between TLR2 …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), a
major health problem that leads to 1.5 million deaths annually. Host genetic factors play a …

In this study, we assessed the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) in seven candidate genes involved in orchestrating the immune response against …

Risk stratification for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after kidney transplantation (KT)
remains to be determined. Since endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in viral …

Objectives To investigate the contribution of genetic polymorphisms of toll like receptor
(TLR) 9 and related genes on the susceptibility and clinical manifestation of anti-neutrophil …