Biological nitrogen fixation in rhizobia occurs primarily in root or stem nodules and is
induced by the bacteria present in legume plants. This symbiotic process has fascinated …

In agroecosystems, nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting plant growth. To meet the
increased nitrogen demand in agriculture, synthetic fertilizers have been used extensively in …

Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere but is generally the most limiting nutrient for plants.
The inability of many crop plants, such as cereals, to directly utilize freely available …

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in legume root nodules injects approximately 40
million tonnes of nitrogen into agricultural systems each year. In exchange for reduced …

Highlights•Nodulation of legumes is encoded by at least three genetic rhizobial
strategies.•The 'nod'strategy has been the most successful evolutionarily.•Evolution of nod …

Members of the plant family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) are unique in that they have evolved
a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia (a group of soil bacteria that can fix atmospheric …

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and the rhizobia-legume (RL) root endosymbioses are
established as a result of signal exchange in which there is mutual recognition of diffusible …

The occurrence of alternative Nod factor (NF)-independent symbiosis between legumes and
rhizobia was first demonstrated in some Aeschynomene species that are nodulated by …

Biological nitrogen fixation is vital to nutrient cycling in the biosphere and is the major route
by which atmospheric dinitrogen (N 2) is reduced to ammonia. The largest single …

Filamentous aerobic soil actinobacteria of the genus Frankia can induce the formation of
nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of a diverse group of plants from eight dicotyledonous …