RNA molecules can fold into intricate shapes that can provide an additional layer of control
of gene expression beyond that of their sequence. In this Review, we discuss the current …

There is now compelling evidence that the complexity of higher organisms correlates with
the relative amount of non-coding RNA rather than the number of protein-coding genes …

Eukaryotic cells rapidly reduce protein synthesis in response to various stress conditions.
This can be achieved by the phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of a key translation …

Transposable elements (TEs) or “jumping genes” historically have been disparaged as a
class of “junk DNA” in mammalian genomes (1, 2). The advent of whole genome DNA …

The completion of the human genome reference sequence ushered in a new era for the
study and discovery of human transposable elements. It now is undeniable that …

Despite often being classified as selfish or junk DNA, transposable elements (TEs) are a
group of abundant genetic sequences that have a significant impact on mammalian …

Half the human genome is made of transposable elements (TEs), whose ongoing activity
continues to impact our genome. LINE-1 (or L1) is an autonomous non-LTR retrotransposon …

Transposable elements (TEs) have shared an exceptionally long coexistence with their host
organisms and have come to occupy a significant fraction of eukaryotic genomes. The bulk …

The average human genome contains a small cohort of active L1 retrotransposons that
encode two proteins (ORF1p and ORF2p) required for their mobility (ie, retrotransposition) …

Internal ribosome entry sites/segments (IRESs) were first discovered over 20 years ago in
picornaviruses, followed by the discovery of two other types of IRES in hepatitis C virus …