Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease,
the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For …

Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid widely used in sports nutrition, especially
because of its immunomodulatory role. Notwithstanding, glutamine plays several other …

Glutathione (GSH) is a critical endogenous antioxidant found in all eukaryotic cells. Higher
GSH concentrations protect against cellular damage, tissue degeneration, and disease …

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, but also play important cellular signaling
roles. The mechanisms through which altered levels of many amino acids are sensed and …

Dysregulation of skeletal muscle metabolism influences whole-body insulin sensitivity and
glucose homeostasis. We hypothesized that type 2 diabetes–associated alterations in the …

Nutrients can impact and regulate cellular metabolism and cell function which is particularly
important for the activation and function of diverse immune subsets. Among the critical …

Maintaining skeletal muscle mass is important for improving muscle strength and function.
Hence, maximizing lean body mass (LBM) is the primary goal for both elite athletes and …

Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-enzymatic antioxidant playing an important role in
detoxification, signal transduction by modulation of protein thiols redox status and direct …

Interest in the heat shock proteins (HSPs), as a natural physiological toolkit of living
organisms, has ranged from their chaperone function in nascent proteins to the remedial …

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been associated with immunomodulation since
the mid-1970s and 1980s and have been used in the nutritional therapy of critically ill …