Fear is an emotion that serves as a driving factor in how organisms move through the world.
In this review, we discuss the current understandings of the subjective experience of fear …

Introduction: Currently, the diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses is based upon DSM-5 criteria.
Although endophenotype-specificity for a particular disorder is discussed, the identification …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is increasing, with current estimates at 1/68–
1/50 individuals diagnosed with an ASD. Diagnosis is based on behavioral assessments …

Psychiatric illnesses are cognitive and behavioral disorders of the brain. At present,
psychiatric diagnosis is based on DSM-5 criteria. Even if endophenotype specificity for …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating undertreated condition that affects 8%–
13% of the general population and 20%–30% of military personnel. Currently, there are no …

There are only 30,000 human genes, which, according to the central dogma from biology, it
means that there should be 30,000 mRNA and 30,000 proteins. However, there are at least …

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a multifactorial mental disorder, which has been associated with a
number of environmental factors, such as hypoxia. Considering that numerous neural …

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are leading causes
of disability worldwide, yet many people remain undiagnosed, are misdiagnosed, and/or …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis is increasing, with 1/88 children believed to be
affected by the disorder, with a most recent survey suggesting numbers as high as 1/50 …

In the search for reliable and, possibly, specific biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders,
growing evidence has demonstrated that biosynthesis of neuroactive steroids and the …