Well-resolved molecular gene trees illustrate the concept of descent with modification and
exhibit the opposing processes of drift and migration, both of which influence population …

Abstract “Inborn errors of metabolism,” first recognized 100 years ago by Garrod, were seen
as transforming evidence for chemical and biological individuality. Phenylketonuria (PKU), a …

Comparisons of DNA sequences between Neandertals and present-day humans have
shown that Neandertals share more genetic variants with non-Africans than with Africans …

Resistance to malaria. Blue eyes. Lactose tolerance. What do all of these traits have in
common? Every one of them has emerged in the last 10,000 years. Scientists have long …

A long-debated question concerns the fate of archaic forms of the genus Homo: did they go
extinct without interbreeding with anatomically modern humans, or are their genes present …

Neanderthals were a group of archaic hominins that occupied most of Europe and parts of
Western Asia from∼ 30,000 to 300,000 years ago (KYA). They coexisted with modern …

This is the first textbook of Virtual Anthropology, the new science that combines elements
from fields as diverse as anthropology, medicine, statistics, computing, scientific …

Large data sets on human genetic variation have been collected recently, but their
usefulness for learning about history and natural selection has been limited by biases in the …

Examining patterns of molecular genetic variation in both modern-day and ancient humans
has proved to be a powerful approach to learn about our origins. Rapid advances in DNA …

The interpretation of genetic evidence regarding modern human origins depends, among
other things, on assessments of the structure and the variation of ancient populations …