There is now conclusive evidence of the major and long-lasting negative effects of physical
and sexual abuse on children. Within Africa, studies consistently report high rates of child …

Nutritional or classical rickets (here labeled as “rickets”) is a worldwide disease involving
mostly infants and young children having inadequate sunlight exposure, often associated …

The availability of and increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly
reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV. As a result, perinatally infected …

Purpose Orphanhood is a time which involves many psychological and emotional problems.
Lack of self-determination and inability to take decision puts orphans at risk of anxiety. In …

There are compelling reasons to believe that orphans–many millions due to the AIDS
epidemic–are more likely to be sexually victimized during childhood. Few studies have …

Background The effect of different types of care environment on orphaned and separated
children and adolescents'(OSCA) experiences of abuse in sub-Saharan Africa is uncertain …

Previous studies have demonstrated that parental loss and orphanage placement can be
stressful and can negatively affect the psychological well-being of children. However …

Background Child labor is exploitative and harmful and deprives children of opportunities for
a healthy life. Nonetheless, child labor is prevalent worldwide. Abusive working conditions …

Background Research has shown that orphans in sub-Saharan Africa are at increased risk
for mental health problems. Exposure to maltreatment and HIV/AIDS-related stigmatization …

Although 85% of HIV-positive adolescents reside in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about
the psychosocial and mental health factors affecting their daily well-being. Identifying these …