Aquatic ecosystems cover over two thirds of our planet and play a pivotal role in stabilizing
the global climate as well as providing a large array of services for a fast-growing human …

BACKGROUND Much of ecological theory and the understanding of ecological systems has
been based on the idea that the observed states and dynamics of ecological systems can be …

Aim Macroalgal habitats are believed to be the most extensive and productive of all coastal
vegetated ecosystems. In stark contrast to the growing attention on their contribution to …

Globally, collapse of ecosystems—potentially irreversible change to ecosystem structure,
composition and function—imperils biodiversity, human health and well‐being. We examine …

To understand ecosystem responses to anthropogenic global change, a prevailing
framework is the definition of threshold levels of pressure, above which response …

Globally, ecosystems are being reconfigured by a range of intensifying human-induced
stressors. Coral reefs are at the forefront of this environmental transformation, and if we are …

Scientists have advocated for local interventions, such as creating marine protected areas
and implementing fishery restrictions, as ways to mitigate local stressors to limit the effects of …

BACKGROUND Comparing patterns of terrestrial and marine defaunation helps to place
human impacts on marine fauna in context and to navigate toward recovery. Defaunation …

The world's coral reefs are being degraded, and the need to reduce local pressures to offset
the effects of increasing global pressures is now widely recognized. This study investigates …

Ocean warming under climate change threatens coral reefs directly, through fatal heat stress
to corals and indirectly, by boosting the energy of cyclones that cause coral destruction and …