Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent production of ROS underlies sustained
oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-
deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue …

For a number of years, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases
(NOX) was synonymous with NOX2/gp91phox and was considered to be a peculiarity of …

Oxygen-derived free radicals, collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS), play
important roles in immunity, cell growth, and cell signaling. In excess, however, ROS are …

Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders
such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral …

Abnormal glucose metabolism and enhanced oxidative stress accelerate cardiovascular
disease, a chronic inflammatory condition causing high morbidity and mortality. Here, we …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that
generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen utilizing NADPH as an …

NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are important enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen
species (ROS). Numerous homologue-specific mechanisms control the activity of this …

Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species, referred to as ROS, RNS, and RSS,
respectively, are produced during normal cell function and in response to various stimuli. An …