Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is generally recognized as an
inflammatory cytokine. Its inflammatory activity is primarily due its role as a growth and …

Abstract Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a central role in host
defense due to its wide range of immune and hematopoietic activities and its potent ability to …

This paper presents an innovative approach for predicting the relative populations of protein
conformations using AlphaFold 2, an AI-powered method that has revolutionized biology by …

The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are a group of cytokines central to the hematopoiesis
of blood cells, the modulation of their functional responses, as well as the maintenance of …

When the first version of this unit was written in 1995, protein purification of recombinant
proteins was based on a variety of standard chromatographic methods and approaches …

Cytokines are small signaling proteins that have central roles in inflammation and cell
survival. In the half-century since the discovery of the first cytokines, the interferons, over fifty …

We have determined the three-dimensional structure of recombinant human granulocyte-
colony-stimulating factor by x-ray crystallography. Phases were initially obtained at 3.0-A …

In vertebrates, networks of capillary vessels supply tissues with nutrients. Capillary patterns
are closely mimicked by endothelial cells cultured on basement membrane proteins that …

Two major mechanisms are involved in the formation of blood vasculature: vasculogenesis
and angiogenesis. The former term describes the formation of a capillary-like network from …

The structure of murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been determined by X-ray
crystallography at 2.0 Å resolution. The main chain fold conforms to the four α-helix bundle …