The Earth's cryosphere comprises those regions that are cold enough for water to turn into
ice. Recent findings show that the icy realms of polar oceans, glaciers and ice sheets are …

Global warming in ocean ecosystems alters temperature, acidification, oxygen content,
circulation, stratification, and nutrient inputs. Microorganisms play a dominant role in global …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Heterotrophic marine bacteria play key roles in remineralizing organic matter generated
from primary production. However, far more is known about which groups are dominant than …

Abstract The west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region has undergone significant changes in
temperature and seasonal ice dynamics since the mid-twentieth century, with strong impacts …

The Earth's biosphere is dominated by cold environments, and the cold biosphere is
dominated by microorganisms. Microorganisms in cold Southern Ocean waters are …

Bacterial communities in the surface layer of the oceans consist of a few abundant
phylotypes and many rare ones, most with unknown ecological functions and unclear roles …

The microorganisms that evolved at low temperatures express cold-adapted enzymes
endowed with unique catalytic properties in comparison to their mesophilic homologues, ie …

Polar and alpine microbial communities experience a variety of environmental stresses,
including perennial cold and freezing; however, knowledge of genomic responses to such …

Biotreatment of polyethylene (PE) waste is an emerging topic in environmental remediation;
in particular, the degrading enzymes requires further exploration. This study described a …