Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed,
protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that …

Mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated by a wide range
of cellular stresses as well as in response to inflammatory cytokines. There are four …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of cell-surface molecules
involved in signal transmission. These receptors play key physiological roles and their …

An abundance of scientific literature exists demonstrating that oxidative stress influences the
MAPK signaling pathways. This review summarizes these findings for the ERK, JNK, p38 …

The decision of a cell to divide, differentiate or die is dependent on the coupling of
cytoplasmic signals to the activation and repression of specific sets of genes in the nucleus …

G proteins provide signal-coupling mechanisms to heptahelical cell surface receptors and
are critically involved in the regulation of different mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) …

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a large family of proline-directed,
serine/threonine kinases that require tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of a TxY motif …

Krüppel-like factors are members of the zinc finger family of transcription factors that have
been implicated as playing key roles in regulating cellular differentiation and tissue …

Different cell types, equipped with unique structure and function, synthesize different sets of
proteins on the basis of different patterns of gene expression, even though their genomes …

Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcription factors control muscle-specific and growth
factor-inducible genes. We show that hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes in response to …