This review reports on the processes associated with costs of reproduction, including some
theoretical considerations, definitions and methodological aspects, followed by a list of the …

TREE vol. 4, no. 8, August 1989 this optimum. And moreover, as Zimmerman4 points out,'if
the optimal behaviour is a positive function of the developmental state of the organisms, for …

Life-history theory revolves around the idea that various activities, such as growth,
maintenance, and reproduction, compete for limited resources. Hence, current reproduction …

According to the 'novel weapons hypothesis', invasive success depends on harmful plant
biochemicals, including allelopathic antimicrobial roots exudate that directly inhibit plant …

In masting trees, synchronized, heavy reproductive events are thought to deplete stored
resources and to impose a replenishment period before subsequent masting. However …

In most woody plants, leaf morphological and physiological characteristics are extremely
variable across environmental gradients, particularly across altitudinal gradients. Hippophae …

The moss Syntrichia caninervis is the dominant soil bryophyte in a blackbrush (Coleogyne
ramosissima) community in the southern Nevada Mojave Desert, with a mean cover of 6.3 …

Many examples of biased sex ratios are known in natural populations of plants. Proximal
causes of these biases are gender diphasy (sex changing), differential mortality between …

The desert moss Syntrichia caninervis exhibits one of the most skewed sex ratios in the plant
kingdom, with female individuals far outnumbering male individuals (exceeding 14♀: 1♂) …

The hypothesis that reproductive cost differs between sexes was tested in Juniperus
communis subsp. alpina along an altitudinal gradient. Sex ratio (male: female) increased …