Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused great research interest in recent years owing to its
high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However …

Abstract Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) plays an indispensable role in the hypoxic tumor
microenvironment. Hypoxia and HIF‐1 are involved in multiple aspects of tumor progression …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows great promise for the treatment of colon cancer.
However, practically, it is a great challenge to use a nanocarrier for the codelivery of both the …

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, the importance of the hypoxia inducible factor
(HIF) pathway in tumorigenesis and cancer treatment outcomes will be discussed. The …

Hypoxia is a condition always present in tumor environment owing to the fast growth of
tumor cells not supported by adequate blood supply. There is increasing evidence that …

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells play an important role in eliminating malignant tumor
cells and the number and activity of tumor-infiltrating T cells represent a good marker for …

The regulatory approval of ipilimumab (Yervoy) in 2011 ushered in a new era of cancer
immunotherapies with durable clinical effects. Most of these breakthrough medicines are …

Research conducted during the past 30 years has increased our understanding of the
mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer initiation and development. The findings have …

Hypoxia is a fundamental stimulus that impacts cells, tissues, organs, and physiological
systems. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and subsequent identification of …

It is widely accepted that alterations to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the
abundance of its enzymatic product prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) have key roles in influencing …