The close relationship between hypertension and dietary sodium intake is widely
recognized and supported by several studies. A reduction in dietary sodium not only …

The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, an ion transport protein, is expressed in the plasma membrane
(PM) of virtually all animal cells. It extrudes Ca2+ in parallel with the PM ATP-driven Ca2+ …

Epidemiological, migration, intervention, and genetic studies in humans and animals
provide very strong evidence of a causal link between high salt intake and high blood …

The Na+-K+-ATPase, or sodium pump, is the membrane-bound enzyme that maintains the
Na+ and K+ gradients across the plasma membrane of animal cells. Because of its …

Two concepts for the long-term regulation of arterial pressure were considered in this
review, the neural control hypothesis and the volume regulation hypothesis. The role of the …

The search for endogenous digitalis has led to the isolation of ouabain as well as several
additional cardiotonic steroids of the cardenolide and bufadienolide type from blood …

IN 1963, Okamoto and Aoki introduced a new model of experimental hypertension that
required no physiological, pharmacological, or surgical intervention. This spontaneously …

Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), long used to treat heart failure, are endogenously produced in
mammals. Among them are the hydrophilic cardenolide ouabain and the more hydrophobic …

Excess dietary salt is a major cause of hypertension. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms
by which salt increases arterial constriction and peripheral vascular resistance, and thereby …

The Na, K-ATPase is the membrane “pump” that generates the Na+ and K+ gradients across
the plasma membrane that drives many physiological processes. This enzyme is highly …