Mucosal vaccines offer the potential to trigger robust protective immune responses at the
predominant sites of pathogen infection. In principle, the induction of adaptive immunity at …

The mRNA vaccine platform has offered the greatest potential in fighting the COVID-19
pandemic owing to rapid development, effectiveness, and scalability to meet the global …

Over the past 20 years, a variety of potential adjuvants have been studied to enhance the
effect of oral vaccines in the intestinal mucosal immune system; however, no licensed …

Introduction: The interest of the world scientific community for an effective vaccine against
Helicobacter pylori infection arises from its high prevalence and association with many …

The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the most common chronic bacterial
infection and the main cause of gastric cancer. Due to the increasing antimicrobial …

The mucosal delivery route is considered ideal for immunization. However, induction of
antigen-specific mucosal immunity is difficult due to the tolerogenic environment. Therefore …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gram-negative bacterium in the human stomach with global
prevalence, is relevant to chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Due to its increasing drug …

Background Helicobacter pylori is a Gram‐negative, spiral‐shaped bacterium that infects
approximately 50% of the world's population and has been strongly associated with chronic …

Highlights•Carbohydrate-based adjuvants are safe, biocompatible and capable to stimulate
strong and long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses.•Lipid A derived …

Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold
chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity …