In addition to their bioenergetic intracellular function, several classical metabolites act as
extracellular signaling molecules activating cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors …

Abstract The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a dimeric family CG protein-coupled receptor
that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid glands and the kidneys and …

Intestine is always exposed to external environment and intestinal microorganism; thus it is
more sensitive to dysfunction and dysbiosis, leading to intestinal inflammation, such as …

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class CG protein–coupled receptor that responds
to multiple endogenous agonists and allosteric modulators, including divalent and trivalent …

Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Alterations in the gut environment induced by uremic toxins, the dietary restriction of fiber …

Tight junctions play an important role in maintaining barrier integrity of intestinal epithelia.
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) promotes tight junction assembly in …

Besides the two canonical calciotropic hormones, namely parathyroid hormone and 1, 25-
dihydroxyvitamin D [1, 25 (OH) 2 D 3], there are several other endocrine and paracrine …

The enhancement of the toxic effect of microplastics (MPs) on heavy metals and its
mechanism needs more in-depth and systematic research. In this study, the copper (Cu) …

Abstract Plasma calcium (Ca 2+) is maintained by amending the release of parathyroid
hormone and through direct effects of the Ca 2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the renal …

The extracellular calcium receptor (CaR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and the
pivotal molecule regulating systemic Ca 2+ homeostasis. The CaR was a challenging target …