Macrophages are innate immune cells that form a 3D network in all our tissues, where they
phagocytose dying cells and cell debris, immune complexes, bacteria and other waste …

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that serve as mediators for cell-to-cell communication.
With their unique nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids cargo compositions that reflect the …

Skin barrier dysfunction, a defining feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), arises from multiple
interacting systems. In AD, skin inflammation is caused by host–environment interactions …

The skin is the outermost organ of the body and is continuously exposed to external
pathogens. Upon inflammation, various immune cells pass through, reside in or are …

Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T
cell responses. In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous
and pruritic skin lesions. In recent decades, the prevalence of AD has increased worldwide …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a unique class of immune cells that act as a bridge between innate
and adaptive immunity. The discovery of DCs by Cohen and Steinman in 1973 laid the …

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is linked to severe birth defects, but mother-to-
fetus transmission routes are unknown. We infected different primary cell types from mid-and …

There are well-established links between acute inflammation and successful tissue repair
across evolution. Innate immune reactions contribute significantly to pathogen clearance …

Background Recent studies have suggested that epidermal barrier dysfunction contributes
to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) and other allergic diseases. Objective We …