Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disorders. It is defined by the
presence of steatosis in more than 5% of hepatocytes with little or no alcohol consumption …

Although the importance of human genetic polymorphisms in therapeutic outcomes is well
established, the role of our'second genome'(the microbiome) has been largely overlooked …

Research into human biotransformation and elimination systems continues to evolve.
Various clinical and in vivo studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effects of foods …

Background. Phase II biotransformation reactions (also 'conjugation reactions') generally
serve as a detoxifying step in drug metabolism. Phase II drug metabolising enzymes are …

Pretreatment tumor PD-L1 expression has been shown to correlate with response to anti–
PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Yet, most patients with PD-L1+ tumors do not respond to treatment …

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, formation of the long-lived dauer larva and adult
aging are both controlled by insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling. Potentially …

Green tea is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Its major components include (-)-
epicatechin ((-)-EC),(-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG)(-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-) …

The translation of advances in cancer biology to drug discovery can be complicated by
pharmacokinetic variation between individuals and within individuals, and this can result in …

Developmental pathologies may result from endogenous or xenobiotic-enhanced formation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which oxidatively damage cellular macromolecules …

Background Nonalcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, since it
is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome pandemics. NAFLD may affect …