Life on earth is subject to alternating cycles of day and night imposed by the rotation of the
earth. Consequently, living things have evolved photodetective systems to synchronize their …

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) respond to light in the absence of
all rod and cone photoreceptor input. The existence of these ganglion cell photoreceptors …

Background: Retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis
pigmentosa remain major causes of severe vision loss in humans. Clinical trials for …

Sports-related concussions in pediatrics and adolescents can be asymptomatic and often go
undiagnosed. Pupil testing strategies may be used as a potential objective screening tool for …

It has been demonstrated that retinal photoreception among mammals extends beyond rods
and cones to include a small number of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells …

Rods, cones and a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that express the photopigment
melanopsin are the sensory photoreceptors of the mammalian retina. The light-driven …