MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by
degrading or repressing the translation of their target messenger RNAs. As miRNAs are …

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles 40–160 nm in diameter that are secreted by
almost all cell types. Exosomes can carry diverse cargo including RNA, DNA, lipids …

Exosomes are discoid vesicles with a diameter of 40–160 nm. They are mainly derived from
the multivesicular body formed by the invagination of lysosomal particles in the cell, which …

The urinary exosomal miRNAs are recently emerging prostate cancer (PC)-associated
biomarkers for the early-stage diagnosis and prognosis due to their non-invasiveness …

Background Despite major advances in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in recent
years, it remains the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. An early diagnosis …

There are still major challenges regarding the early diagnosis and treatment of chronic
kidney disease (CKD), which is in part due to the fact that its pathophysiology is very …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease with increasing prevalence globally.
An important aspect of diabetic pathogenesis is cellular crosstalk and information exchange …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most common and intractable microvascular
complications of diabetes, is the main cause of terminal renal disease globally. MicroRNA …

Innovative biomarkers are needed to improve the management of patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Blood circulating miRNAs have been proposed as a potential tool …

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 463 million people in 2019
and is predicted to rise to 700 million by 2045. The associated financial and societal costs of …