Premise of research. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age was the last extensive pre-Pleistocene ice
age. It includes many climate changes of different intensities, permitting examination of …

Separate biostratigraphical schemes have been developed for Permian macrofloras in the
five main phytochoria (palaeokingdoms), reflecting the essential lack of overlap in taxonomic …

Diverse wetland vegetation flourished at the margins of the Midland Basin in north-central
Texas during the Pennsylvanian Period. Extensive coastal swamps and an ever-wet, tropical …

Wetland floras narrowly define perceptions of Pennsylvanian tropical ecosystems, the so-
called Coal Age. Such wetlands reflect humid to perhumid climate, leading to …

An analysis of 68 floras from the Pennsylvanian and Early Permian of Euramerica reveals
distinct patterns of environmental distribution. Wetland assemblages are the most commonly …

Quantitative analysis of 11,562 cm2 of foliar surface area from an Early Permian flora from
north-central Texas reveals that 2.6% was removed by insect folivores. Of the 1346 foliar …

Ferns or fern-like plants have been important elements of terrestrial vegetation since the
Late Devonian. Rhacophyton, a fern-like plant of the Late Devonian, appears to have been a …

Since their first appearance in the Middle-Late Silurian, land plants have played an
increasingly important role in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and landscapes. It is difficult to …

An examination of 598 leaves from the Lower Permian (late Sakmarian) Coprolite Bone Bed
(CBB) site in north-central Texas, USA, reveals low herbivory levels based on analyses of …

Page 1 VALENTIN A. KRASSILOV ANGIOSPERM ORIGINS: MORPHOLOGICAL AND
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS PENSOFT Page 2 Page 3 Paleontological Institute of the Russian …